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Bed bugs are bloodsucking insects. They are normally out at night just before dawn, with a peak feeding period of about an hour before sunrise. Bed bugs may attempt to feed at other times if given the opportunity and have been observed feeding during all periods of the day. They reach their host by walking, or sometimes climb the walls to the ceiling and drop down on feeling a heat wave. Bed bugs are attracted to their hosts by warmth and the presence of carbon dioxide.

Bed bugs are bloodsucking insects

The bug pierces the skin of its host with two hollow feeding tubes. With one tube it injects its saliva, which contains anticoagulants and anesthetics, while with the other it withdraws the blood of its host. After feeding for about five minutes, the bug returns to its hiding place. The bites cannot usually be felt until some minutes or hours later, as a dermatological reaction to the injected agents, and the first indication of a bite usually comes from the desire to scratch the bite site. Because of their natural aversion for sunlight, bed bugs come out at night.

Although bed bugs can live for a year or eighteen months without feeding, and purportedly up to three years, they normally try to feed every five to ten days. Bed bugs that go dormant for lack of food often live longer than a year, while well-fed specimens typically live six to nine months.

The transmission of bed bug eggs is a big issue. It is not uncommon for the live bed bugs amongst an infestation to be completely eradicated during an effective treatment cycle only to have the remaining or surviving eggs hatch and reinfest the location. The bed bug eggs themselves are usually unaffected by and/or not killed by most approved pesticides.

The bed bug eggs can also have an incubation period of up to several weeks

The eggs can also have an incubation period of up to several weeks and may be deposited in hidden areas that are difficult to penetrate, difficult to find, or simply hidden away from what otherwise would have been a quick lethal treatment (i.e. lethal treatment such as the killing of a bed bug's eggs through heat—by hot ironing fabric surfaces where bed bugs have hidden, through steaming, via direct machine drying, or through a procedural use of boiling water, etc.).